Networking hardware

Networking hardware chart

Networking hardware

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Networking hardware may also be known as network equipment, computer networking devices. Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts or data terminal equipment.^{[citation needed]}.

All these terms refer to devices facilitating the use of a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data in a computer network.^[1]

Gateway: this device is placed at a network node and interfaces with another network that uses different protocols. It works on OSI layers 4 to 7. Specific devices[edit]

• Router: a specialized network device that determines the next network point to which it can forward a data packet towards the ultimate destination of the packet. Unlike a gateway, it cannot interface different protocols. It works on OSI layer 3.
• Switch: a device that allocates traffic from one network segment to certain lines (intended destination(s)) which connect the segment to another network segment. Unlike a hub, a switch splits the network traffic and sends it to different destinations rather than to all systems on the network. It works on OSI layer 2.
• Bridge: a device that connects multiple network segments along the data link layer. It works on OSI layer 2.
• Hub: a device that connects multiple Ethernet segments, making them act as a single segment. When using a hub, every attached device shares the same broadcast domain and the same collision domain. Therefore, only one computer connected to the hub is able to transmit at a time. Depending on the network topology, the hub provides a basic level 1 OSI model connection among the network objects (workstations, servers, etc.). It provides bandwidth which is shared among all the objects, in contrast to switches, which provide a connection between individual nodes. It works on OSI layer 1.
• Repeater: a device which amplifies or regenerates digital signals received while sending them from one part of a network into another. It works on OSI layer 1.

Some hybrid network devices:

• Multilayer switch: a switch which, in addition to switching on OSI layer 2, provides functionality at higher protocol layers.
• Protocol converter: a hardware device that converts between two different types of transmission, such as asynchronous and synchronous transmissions.
• Bridge router (brouter): a device that combines router and bridge functionality and therefore works on OSI layers 2 and 3.

Networking hardware chart

Hardware or software components that typically sit on the connection point of different networks, e.g. between an internal network and an external network:

• Proxy server: computer network service which allows clients to make indirect network connections to other network services.
• Firewall: a piece of hardware or software put on the network to prevent some communications forbidden by the network policy.
• Network address translator (NAT): network service provided as hardware or software that converts internal to external network addresses and vice versa.

Other hardware for establishing networks or dial-up connections:

• Multiplexer: a device that combines several electrical signals into a single signal.
• Network interface controller: a piece of computer hardware allowing the attached computer to communicate by network.
• Wireless network interface controller: a piece of computer hardware allowing the attached computer to communicate by LAN.
• Modem: Device that modulates an analog "carrier" signal (such as sound) to encode digital information, and that also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information, such as a computer communicating with another computer over a telephone network.
• ISDN terminal adapter (TA): a specialized gateway for ISDN.
• Line driver: a device to increase transmission distance by amplifying the signal; used in base-band networks only.

Networking hardware chart